Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry

Since you were young, you’ve been warned about the importance of brushing your teeth twice a day to ensure good oral health. This care begins with choosing the right toothbrush to help keep your teeth clean and healthy. Choosing between the traditional manual toothbrush or an electric-powered brush can be difficult, so we’ve put together a few facts to help you decide.

Benefits of Manual Toothbrushes

The traditional manual toothbrushes are more cost-effective compared to electric-powered brushes. Though they may not be as powerful in brush strength, you can control how you brush each tooth, and the convenience of never having to worry about batteries or if your toothbrush is charged can’t be beaten! Plus, replacing a manual toothbrush can be easier and less expensive than their electric counterparts.

Some may argue that electric brushes are better since some models are proven to significantly remove more plaque buildup, but research shows that patients with good oral hygiene routines who use manual toothbrushes have similar results. Manual toothbrushes do require more work and for you to be mindful of how you brush your teeth as brushing too hard can damage your teeth and gums.

Benefits of Electric Powered Toothbrushes

Electronically powered toothbrushes have small brush heads so that you can reach all areas of the mouth easily and are ideal for patients with limited mobility. Some even have varied bristle lengths and widths to clean away areas where food, debris, and plaque may hide. These powerful brushes enable you to remove plaque easier than manual brushes and may even come with different modes such as ones for sensitive teeth, deep cleaning, whitening, and tongue cleaning.

One of the drawbacks to choosing electrotonic toothbrushes is that they are more expensive compared to manual ones. They may have parts that need replacing frequently and require more space on your counter than manual brushes. Electric toothbrushes also need to be charged regularly which depends on the user to remember to charge it daily or to have spare batteries on hand.

Which Is Right For You?

We say the best toothbrush for you is the one you will use. As you can see, both electric-powered and manual brushes are great options for keeping your oral health in tip-top shape. Remember to also floss daily to remove food and plaque from between your teeth and underneath your gum line. Always look for a brush that has the ADA seal as products with this seal are tested for safety and effectiveness. If you are unsure which toothbrush is best for you or if you have any questions about our services, contact Viet Ho Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry today.

On a hot summer day, it is common to find yourself seeking a cool refreshment to make you more comfortable in the heat. What is not as common is feeling a sharp pain through your teeth once you take a bite or sip of a cool treat. We aren’t talking about brain freezes–we are talking about sensitive teeth! It is estimated that 45 million Americans struggle with sensitive teeth annually, which makes it an extremely common condition.

What is tooth sensitivity?

Tooth sensitivity can be triggered by hot or cold temperatures, sweet or sour foods and drinks, or deep cavities and fillings. Your teeth are protected by a layer of enamel that protects the exposed portions of your teeth below the gumline. If the enamel layer thins or wears down, it exposes dentin. Dentin is more porous and contains microscopic canals known as tubules which when exposed can allow fluid to flow through them and irritate the nerves within your teeth.

Common Causes

Various factors can cause or increase your risk of developing sensitive teeth. Some of the most common causes include:

• Acidic foods and beverages can eat away at your enamel and make your teeth more prone to erosion.
• Certain dental conditions may also increase your risk of tooth sensitivity such as overcrowding, crooked teeth, and misaligned bites.
• Over brushing with a hard bristle brush or firm hand can wear down on your enamel and expose porous surfaces that lead to your tooth’s nerves increasing sensitivity.
• Patients who grind their teeth may create small fractures in their teeth that may irritate nerves and increase sensitivity as well.
• Poor oral health habits such as not brushing properly or flossing may also cause plaque and bacteria to build up and break down your tooth’s enamel, weakening them and making them more susceptible to sensitivity.
• Receding gums can also expose areas that are normally protected by your enamel and increase nerve sensitivity in your teeth.
• Tooth decay, cavities, or deep or broken fillings that penetrate deeply close to the nerve may also cause irritation and the development of tooth sensitivity.

You may also increase your tooth sensitivity by using certain teeth whitening products or chemicals. The main ingredient in many whitening solutions is peroxide which can irritate the nerves in your teeth and lead to sensitivity.

Treating Tooth Sensitivity

Your treatment will depend on the cause and severity. If your pain is due to a recent dental procedure or cleaning, the sensitivity is most likely temporary and an over-the-counter pain reliever will help to reduce pain until the discomfort subsides.

For those whose sensitivity is caused by poor hygiene habits, then switching toothbrushes and brushing patterns can provide a great deal of relief. A soft-bristle brush will help to keep your teeth clean without damaging the enamel or gums. Using toothpaste designed for those with sensitive teeth can also help offer relief. Patients should notice a difference after several weeks of normal usage. A mouthguard can also be used to prevent you from grinding your teeth. In cases of receding gums or gum disease, your dentist may recommend a gum graft to cover exposed areas of your teeth to protect them once again.

If your sensitivity is severe and persists for several days, we may recommend scheduling an appointment to rule out cavities or other dental conditions that may be creating tooth sensitivity. X-rays may be used to determine an accurate course of treatment whether a root canal, new filling, a sealant, or fluoride gel treatment to help strengthen and protect your teeth from tooth sensitivity.

Once your tooth enamel is worn down, it cannot be restored or brought back so the best method of protection is prevention. Proper brushing and flossing techniques will help to prevent plaque buildup from eating away at your enamel. Sensitive teeth shouldn’t prevent you from living your life to the fullest and enjoying tasty treats. For more information on sensitive teeth or to schedule an appointment, contact Viet Ho Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry today.

If you engage in sports, you may understand that getting hurt as an athlete can be a common and unfortunate occurrence for many. According to the American Dental Association, 10-20% of all sports-related injuries are maxillofacial. Many of these injuries can be prevented or have the damage significantly reduced by wearing a protective mouthguard.

What is a mouthguard?

A mouthguard is a cushioning oral appliance made of flexible material that fits snugly over your teeth to help protect against injuries to the teeth and mouth. Mouthguards also prevent the jaws from coming together fully, reducing the risk of jaw joint injuries and concussion.

Why should you wear a mouthguard while playing sports?

A mouthguard is an oral device that should be an essential piece of equipment for all athletes of any age. In the same way that we wear helmets, knee pads, protective eyewear, and other supportive gear when engaging in certain activities, mouthguards help to prevent and minimize damage to your mouth and face. They act as an absorber for an impact that can occur in sports and protect against chipped teeth, broken jaws, and damage to the soft tissues of your mouth.

Mouthguards are often recommended in both competitive and recreational sports in which collision, contact, or high impact trauma are likely to occur. We encourage patients to wear their mouthguards during practice, training, and games. If you wear braces, retainers, or other oral devices, ask your dentist about orthodontic mouthguards and what treatment options are right for you.

Types of Mouthguards

These mouthguards vary in price and comfort, yet all provide some protection. Your mouthguard should have a comfortable fit but not restrict your ability to breathe or speak clearly.

Custom

Your dentist can make you a customized mouthguard from an impression of your teeth. Though this option can be more expensive, it ensures a proper and comfortable fit.

Boil and Bite

Boil and bite mouthguards are made of medical-grade silicone and can be remolded several times if necessary. To use this type of mouthguard, the guard is heated to a boil and then after a brief cooling period, can be placed into your mouth to make an impression.

Stock

These types of mouthguards are inexpensive and bought pre-formed and ready to wear. However, they often do not fit properly.

Care and Replacement

Your dentist will tell you best how to care for your mouthguard. We recommend replacing your mouthguard every season or once it shows signs of wear, damage, or becomes loose and does not fit properly. For children and teenagers, mouthguards may need to be replaced more often as their mouths change frequently as they grow.

General care recommendations for mouthguards can include:

• Between usage, it is important to keep your mouthguard clean and dry
• Brush your mouthguard with a toothbrush and toothpaste
• During your dental checkups, bring in your mouthguards for evaluation
• Rinse before and after each use with a mouthwash
• Store your mouthguard in a case that has vents to keep it dry and prevent bacterial growth

Dental injuries are very common in recreational and professional sports. That is why the best way to protect your smile while you play is to use a mouthguard. Damaged teeth or missing teeth do not grow back. Mouthguards can absorb the energy of an impact to reduce the severity of injury to your mouth and jaw. For more information on the importance of using a mouthguard in sports or to schedule a consultation, contact Viet Ho Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry today.

We want you to know that even now, we are still here for you. We are committed to the health and safety of our patients, staff, families, and community during the COVID-19 pandemic.

As restrictions begin to lift, we are taking the necessary steps to best protect our patients, staff, and doctors. We remain dedicated to providing you with high-quality care while still following the CDC guidelines. Our staff has undergone training and education on the importance of hygiene, facemasks, protective gear, and etiquette. We routinely clean and sterilize all surfaces, supplies, equipment, and tools within our office because when you walk into any healthcare facility, you should feel confident that you are in a safe and clean environment.

Our office has additional safety measures in place to help limit contact with others so that your visit can be a safe and healthy one.

Practices in Place

Before You Arrive
Prior to your appointment, you will be asked to fill out a pre-screening questionnaire. This enables us to conduct a rough check of your health status and includes questions about recent coughs, fever, or potential contact with people who have been infected with COVID-19. You may be asked to complete this before scheduling an appointment and upon your arrival, in case your answer may have changed.

It is important that you continue to attend your scheduled appointments for routine cleanings and examinations or if you suspect a concern. Delayed treatments could lead to worsening symptoms or the progression of an underlying condition.

We would also like to inform our patients that we are limiting the number of people allowed in our office at a time to reduce the number of interactions between staff and patients.

Upon Arrival
Once you arrive at our office, a nurse will likely take your temperature. Depending on our current restrictions, you may be asked to wait in your car or outside after check-in until your room is ready.

If allowed in our waiting room, please continue to wear your mask until you are seated in the dental office and told to remove your mask. You may notice that magazines and commonly touched surfaces have been removed and signs placed on chairs and tables for social distancing purposes. Sanitizer is also available for your use.

During Your Appointment
Once you’re in the dental chair, you may notice some changes. We are currently asking patients to do a pre-procedural rinse­, a mixture of diluted hydrogen peroxide or iodine, to reduce the level of oral microorganisms present in your mouth and upper throat. It is important to note that these oral rinses are specially formulated for dental use and should only be used in a medical setting.

Our staff members may also wear different face shields, gowns, and goggles than previous appointments to help protect against and prevent the spread of germs and contamination.

After You Leave
After each appointment, surfaces are disinfected with hospital-grade cleaners, and tools are sterilized after each use. Air filters are also placed throughout the office to increase ventilation and help to keep the air clean and safe for your visit.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many aspects of our daily lives and this includes your dental visits. We will do our part to make the experience as safe as possible, our office takes pride in our safety measures to protect all members of our community from the spread of this virus. For more information on our safety precautions or to schedule an appointment, contact Viet Ho Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry today.

For many, dental visits are about having your teeth cleaned and examined and, in some cases, possibly filled or repaired. However, your dental visit can reveal more than just the condition of your teeth. It can also provide an insight into your overall health. Recent studies show that poor oral health can be associated with several major health conditions. Signs of unhealthy teeth and gums may be a warning for a far more serious condition than a painful toothache. Fortunately, as members of your oral health care team, we are here to ensure your oral health is well managed so that your smile can remain happy and healthy.

The Oral Health Connection

Your mouth is home to millions of bacteria. Though most are harmless, poor oral hygiene practices can cause harmful bacteria to overgrow and overwhelm your body’s defense system, leading to possible infections. Certain medications such as decongestants and antidepressants may reduce saliva production and increase bacterial levels within your mouth, raising your risk of infection and the possibility for more severe oral health problems.

Your mouth is one of the main entry points into your body’s internal systems, such as the digestive system or respiratory system, and without good oral hygiene, bacteria can enter the bloodstream and spread to other parts of your body. Studies show that the added bacteria can cause infection and health complications to the rest of your body if allowed to spread untreated.

Associated Conditions

As dentists, we are well aware of this mouth-and-body connection and are trained to recognize signs of possible underlying health conditions when examining your teeth. In fact, 90% of systemic conditions display oral symptoms. Common conditions associated with poor oral health can include:

• Cardiovascular Disease
• Diabetes ­
• Endocarditis
• HIV/AIDS
• Kidney Disease
• Pneumonia

Other conditions that your dentist can detect may include thyroid conditions, high blood pressure, sleeping disorders, anemia, and eating disorders. It is important to note that though these conditions may occur concurrently, that does not mean that one directly caused the other. Studies also show that conditions that lower your body’s resistance to infection are likely to increase your risk for other health complications including oral health conditions.

Protecting Your Oral Health

Be sure to keep your dentist up to date about your health and any medications you may be taking, as they may affect your oral health. To best protect your oral health, practice good oral hygiene and attend regular dental exams and cleanings throughout the year. Brush your teeth twice a day for at least 2 minutes at a 45-degree angle with an ADA-approved toothbrush and toothpaste. Remember to floss at least once a day as flossing works to remove plaque and leftover food from hard-to-reach areas. We recommend replacing your toothbrush every three months or once the bristles begin to wear down. Using a mouthwash can also help to keep your teeth feeling clean and your breath fresh. Eating a healthy, well-balanced diet will also allow you to gain nutrients and avoid eating too many sugary, starchy, and acidic foods. Avoid using cigarettes and tobacco products as they can increase your risk for oral cancer and other oral health complications.

Maintaining your health, including your oral health, is a life-long process, and following a good oral hygiene routine is the best way to manage your dental health. It is also important to attend routine exams and cleanings as our staff is trained to identify and treat oral health conditions and look for signs that may cause concern. For more information about your oral health or to schedule an appointment, please contact Viet Ho Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry today.

Unfortunately, a vast majority of the population will admit to not flossing regularly and believe that brushing twice a day is enough to maintain their oral health. You may think if you brush your teeth and use mouthwash, your teeth are clean enough. But is that really the case? While brushing should be a necessary part of your oral hygiene routine, flossing is equally important in maintaining your oral health.

Why Should You Floss?

Brushing and flossing work to remove plaque and leftover food from your teeth. Though brushing will scrub at the surfaces, flossing will reach the in-between areas as well as underneath the gum line. If left untreated, the plaque will harden into tartar which can only be removed by a dentist. The accumulation of plaque and tartar in the mouth can lead to tooth decay, cavities, bad breath, and gum disease if left untreated.

No matter what toothbrush you use or how impressive the bristle design is, your toothbrush cannot clean in between your teeth or underneath the gum line. Your toothbrush cleans only the back and front of your teeth. If you aren’t flossing, there are two sides of every tooth you aren’t cleaning everyday.

How to Floss

• Pull out about 18 inches of floss, wrapping the ends around your fingertips for better control.
• Gently slide the floss between teeth, being careful not to apply too much pressure on the gums. Bleeding may occur if you haven’t flossed in some time and can be a sign of gum inflammation. As you continue to floss, the swelling in your gums should subside and no longer bleed. If bleeding persists, speak with your dentist.
• Curve the floss around each tooth and rub it up and down to scrape away plaque.
• Avoid sawing motions with the floss as this can irritate your gums, damage soft tissues, and cause bleeding.
• Remember to floss both sides of the teeth and gently beneath the gum line. We recommend spending about 10 seconds on each side.
• When you’re done, throw away the used floss and rinse your mouth.

What Kind of Floss Should I Use?

The type of floss you use often depends on your oral health needs and personal preference.
If you have widely spaced teeth, you may prefer a thicker floss compared to someone who may have a more crowded mouth.

We understand that flossing is a task that can be easier said than done. Some people find using dental floss difficult to navigate around their teeth or have a poor technique that can lead to bleeding and irritated gums. You have to be gentle, but firm enough to thoroughly clean. Finding that balance can be challenging, but thankfully we are here to help and can demonstrate various flossing types and methods. We will work with you to find the one that works best for your smile.

Alternative flossing tools that can help to make flossing easier include:

• Dental Tape- If your gums are sensitive, dental tape can be an ideal flossing method. Dental tape is an ultrathin floss and that is smooth, waxed, and spongy. This tape is thinner and wider than traditional floss allowing it to glide between teeth more easily.
• Floss Threaders- Floss threaders are tools that can speed up the traditional flossing process by helping pull floss between the brackets and wires.
• Interdental Brushes- Proxy brushes, or interdental brushes, are round/cone-shaped brushes with small bristles made of silicone or nylon held together by a wire. This flexible brush is designed to fit in-between your teeth and comes in a variety of sizes so that you can select the one (or ones) that work best for your teeth.
• Oral Irrigators- Oral irrigator, or water flossers, use a steady stream of water to clean between the teeth and along your gum line. Some brands of oral irrigators offer special tips for patients with orthodontic appliances that enable them to clean around brackets easier than the standard tips.

It is normal to feel some discomfort and notice bleeding when you first start to floss. After flossing regularly for a few weeks, your gums will feel better and the bleeding will stop. If you continue to experience discomfort, you may need to consult your dentist. For more information on flossing or to schedule an appointment, contact Viet Ho Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry today.

Maintaining optimal dental hygiene is centered around daily brushing and flossing as well as attending routine examinations throughout the year. But what about mouthwashes? A mouthwash, or oral rinse, is a liquid product used to rinse and clean your mouth, gums, and teeth. These products typically contain antiseptics to kill harmful bacteria that can live in your mouth, between your teeth, and on your tongue.

Adding a mouthwash to your oral care routine can help not only to freshen your breath but also improve the health of your mouth. There are various mouthwashes out on the market so it is important to educate yourself to determine which is right for you and your oral care routine.

Why should I use a mouthwash?

As stated above, using the right mouthwash can support your overall dental health to keep your smile radiant. Just like floss, mouthwash is capable of reaching areas of your mouth that your toothbrush cannot. When used correctly, certain mouthwashes can lower the accumulation of plaque on teeth which reduces your risk of developing tartar, cavities, and gum disease. This is accomplished by the active ingredients within the oral rinse.

Though the ingredients may vary from product to product, generally mouthwashes contain antiseptic ingredients such as alcohol, menthol, or cetylpyridinium chloride to eliminate bacteria. When swished around in your mouth, the filmy bacteria that forms plaque is removed while other additive ingredients like fluoride are absorbed into your enamel to strengthen your teeth making them more durable and plaque resistant.

Types of Mouthwash

When selecting your mouthwash, consider your personal oral health goals. Are you wanting to tackle bad breath? Or is plaque and gum disease more your concern? There are two main types of mouthwash: therapeutic and cosmetic.

• Therapeutic mouthwashes are formulated with medicinal ingredients to improve your oral health in some way by lowering bacterial build-up to help reduce your risk of gum disease, dry mouth, and tooth decay. These are available over the counter and by prescription from your dentist.
• Cosmetic mouthwashes are designed specifically to control bad breath and leave a pleasant taste in your mouth afterward.

Antibacterial mouthwashes are beneficial for patients with gingivitis, or the early stage of gum disease, and reduce your risk of tooth decay by combatting the accumulation of plaque on teeth.
Mouthwashes that contain fluoride work to protect your teeth from the harmful acid produced by bacterial plaque. The fluoride is absorbed into your teeth to strengthen your enamel making them more resistant to acid and protecting against tooth decay and cavities. We recommend patients speak with their dentist before purchasing a fluoride mouthwash as excessive intake, especially in children, can damage your teeth.

There are even mouthwashes on the market for patients who wish to reduce their tooth sensitivity. These products contain active ingredients that desensitize the nerves within your teeth to protect them from sensitivity triggers.

Alcohol can be found in many rinses on the market. However, if you have young children or are wanting to avoid products containing alcohol, there are a variety of alcohol-free mouthwashes that are just as effective and gentle on your teeth and gums.

How often should I use mouthwash?

Though some people only use mouthwash in a pinch to freshen their breath, others include it as part of their daily routine. Whether you use it daily or just for special occasions, here our recommendations to ensure you maximize the benefits of your mouthwash:

• It is best to use mouthwash after you have thoroughly cleaned your mouth by brushing and flossing.
• Pour the recommended amount into the provided cup or as directed on the label.
• Swish the liquid vigorously in your mouth for at least 30 seconds.
• Don’t swallow, but instead, spit the solution out into the sink.

For the product to work as directed, we recommend avoiding eating or drinking for 30 minutes after. It is also important to note that mouthwash does not replace brushing or flossing your teeth and is only effective when used correctly.

If you are curious about adding a mouthwash to your daily routine, ask your dentist about which would be right for you. Mouthwash can be used to help with various conditions such as bad breath, tooth decay, dry mouth, tooth sensitivity, gum disease, and discolored teeth just to name a few. For more information on mouthwash or to schedule a consultation, contact Viet Ho Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry today.

When you think of toothpaste, what comes to mind? Do you pick toothpaste targeted towards tooth sensitivity? Whitening? How about flavors? Do you prefer spearmint, cool mint, or maybe cinnamon? For many, one key ingredient they look for when buying a new toothpaste is fluoride to help strengthen their teeth’s enamel and prevent cavities.

Though fluoride has been the golden standard for protecting your teeth, it isn’t the only way to protect your dental health. We’d like to take a moment to tell our patients about the ever-growing prevalence of hydroxyapatite and the important role it can play in protecting, strengthening, and whitening your teeth.

What is Hydroxyapatite?

Though the name may sound intimidating, hydroxyapatite is not. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a form of calcium apatite, also known as calcium phosphate, and is a naturally occurring mineral that makes up our bones and teeth. It makes up over 90% of the foundation of your tooth’s enamel and 60% of your bones.

Even if lab-created, this important mineral can assist in strengthening, restoring, and rebuilding your teeth and bones. Specifically, in dentistry, it has become a healthy alternative in toothpaste to fluoride thanks to its natural remineralizing and restorative properties. This is especially important for patients who prefer to minimize their exposure to fluoride.

The Hydroxyapatite Difference

Your tooth’s enamel is the first line of defense against harmful acids and bacteria, and it works to fight against tooth decay. To keep your teeth protected from cavities and decay, the enamel must constantly be rebuilt or remineralized. Fluoride toothpaste is often recommended for strengthening your enamel and works by making the teeth more resistant to cavities and tooth decay.

The difference with hydroxyapatite is that this mineral is naturally restorative and actively rebuilds your enamel by feeding it every mineral it needs. It is also effective in reducing your risk for tooth decay, cavities, and enamel erosion.

Hydroxyapatite is also helpful in improving biocompatibility with implants when used as a coating.

What are the benefits of using hydroxyapatite?

The benefits of using hydroxyapatite include:

• Anti-microbial
• Biocompatibility
• Bonding agent
• Lowers plaque levels
• Naturally whitens teeth
• Reduces tooth sensitivity
• Remineralizes teeth and stimulates bone growth
• Soothes gums and fights against gingivitis

Is it safe?

Hydroxyapatite is biocompatible and non-toxic as it is a naturally occurring mineral found within our bodies. There is no risk of overexposure as there can be when using fluoride-based products. It is ideal for children, pregnant women, and those at high risk of developing fluorosis. Though it is safe for ingestion, we do not recommend eating it.

For more information on hydroxyapatite and its benefits or to schedule an appointment, contact Viet Ho Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry today.

Did you know that over 30 million people in the United States are currently diagnosed with diabetes? It is estimated one-third of adults in the United States may not even know they have diabetes. As the numbers rise in our country, awareness is vital to the prevention and management of this disease. November is National Diabetes Awareness Month, and we would like to join dentists across the country in spreading vital information about how diabetes can affect your oral health.

Diabetes is a serious medical condition that can affect your entire body. However, often the consequences for your oral health may be brushed over. Research suggests that the link between diabetes and oral health may stem from your blood sugar levels. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes could have higher blood sugar levels, and as such, be at an increased risk of developing certain oral health conditions. This month, we want to raise awareness about the conditions that may be affected by diabetes and how you can take charge of your oral health in preventing these conditions.

Cavities

Your mouth naturally contains many types of bacteria. Some are harmful and some are good. When you eat or drink, the starches and sugars from your meals interact with bacteria and form a sticky film known as plaque on your teeth. The acid produced by plaque eats at the surface of your teeth and, if not brushed or flossed away, can weaken your enamel and lead to tooth decay.

If you have high blood sugar levels, the higher glucose levels in your body may add to the supply of sugar and starches in your mouth, producing more acid and leading to an increased risk of cavities and tooth decay.

Dry mouth

Studies show that some patients with diabetes may produce less saliva making them prone to developing dry mouth. Salvia helps fight off harmful bacteria from your teeth. With less saliva, dry mouth may lead to an increased risk of sores, ulcers, tooth decay, and gum disease. Medication used to regulate blood sugars may also cause dry mouth.

Gingivitis

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a condition where bacterial growth within the mouth results in an infection of the surrounding and supporting soft tissue and bones of the mouth. The first stage of gum disease is called gingivitis. The buildup of bacteria turns into plaque and irritates the gums causing them to become swollen, red, and recede. Patients may also note some bleeding when brushing or flossing.

Gum disease is often caused by plaque buildup and though there is no difference in buildup between those with diabetes and those without, diabetic patients are more susceptible to infections thus increasing their risk of developing gum disease. Additionally, as stated above, gum disease can lead to an elevation in blood sugar levels that may cause complications for diabetic patients. High blood sugar levels can also encourage plaque buildup furthering the development of gum disease and making it harder for patients to control their blood sugar levels and gum disease.

Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a more advanced stage of gum disease and is the result of gingivitis being left untreated. During this stage, the inner layers of gum and bone have receded from the teeth and formed pockets. These pockets allow for food and bacteria to grow inside leading to further infection. Common symptoms of periodontitis include sensitive teeth, receding gums, the shifting or loss of teeth, and bad breath. If left untreated, the infection can further spread into the supporting soft tissues and bone in the mouth and jaw area. Periodontitis requires professional treatment and possible surgical options.

Thrush

As mentioned previously, diabetic patients are more likely to develop infections. Bacteria aren’t the only organisms in the mouth that can be harmful. Fungal yeast infections such as thrush are also common in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. Thrush can cause painful white or red patches on the tongue or inside of your mouth that may open into sores. This condition is also common in patients with oral appliances such as dentures.

How To Lower Your Risk

We will work with you and your healthcare team to ensure that your smile remains healthy and beautiful. The best thing you can do to prevent these oral health problems is to practice good oral hygiene. With the help of your dentist and doctor you can take the following steps to improve your health and control of diabetes:

1. Commit to managing your diabetes. Monitor your blood sugar levels and follow your healthcare team’s instructions to keep your levels within the target range. The better control you have of diabetes and your blood sugar, the more you can reduce your risk of developing these oral health conditions.
2. Brush your teeth at least twice a day for two minutes in the morning and night. If possible, brush after meals and snacks as well. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush in a gentle circular motion on your teeth and gum line. Remember to replace your toothbrush every three months. Floss your teeth once a day as it helps to remove leftover food and plaque from between your teeth and under your gum lines.
3. Visit your dentist at least twice a year for professional cleanings, x-rays, and examinations. Make sure you inform your dentist if you have diabetes and remind him or her at every appointment. Share your doctor’s information with your dentist and report any early signs of gum disease, pain, loose teeth, or other unusual symptoms.

Though managing diabetes is a lifelong commitment, diabetes doesn’t have to control your life or smile. Understanding the risk and knowing how to prevent these conditions is a great step towards keeping your smile happy and healthy. For more information on how diabetes can affect your oral health or to schedule an appointment, contact Viet Ho Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry today.

Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are small, open wounds found inside your mouth. They can appear on any of the soft tissues of your mouth including the tongue, roof of your mouth, inside of your cheeks, and even along the gum line. Canker sores can be painful and can make eating, drinking, and talking uncomfortable at times. Fortunately, most canker sores disappear on their own without treatment and are not contagious.

Types

There are three general types of canker sores:

• Minor canker sores – Minor canker sores are the most common type of canker sores. They are small, often oval-shaped lesions with a red border. They are typically less than 1 centimeter in diameter and usually heal within a week without any scarring.
• Major canker sores – Major canker sores are less common than minor canker sores and are generally larger and deeper in size. They are often round in shape with undefined borders. These can be painful and last a few weeks. Scarring is common with this type of canker sore.
• canker sores – Herpetiform canker sores, despite the name, do not develop due to an infection of the herpes virus. These canker sores are rare and often appear in older patients. They are pinpoint in size and have irregular edges. They can appear in clusters ranging from 10-100 but may merge into one large sore. These sores can be extremely painful but heal within several weeks without scarring.

Canker Sore vs. Cold Sore

Though similar in appearance at times, canker sores and cold sores are not the same. Cold sores are fluid-filled blisters caused by the herpes virus and generally appear on the outside of the mouth. Cold sores are also highly contagious, unlike canker sores.

When trying to determine at home whether you have a canker or cold sore, check the location. If it is inside your mouth it is most likely a canker sore, while a sore outside of the mouth is most likely a cold sore.

Causes

The precise cause of canker sores remains unknown, though research suggests that a combination of factors may contribute to outbreaks. Some possible causes of canker sores include the following:

• Fatigue
• Food sensitivities
• Hormonal shifts
• Irritation from orthodontic appliances such as braces, retainers, or dentures rubbing against soft tissue
• Stress
• Trauma to the mouth

Those with underlying health conditions that can result in a weakened immune system, nutritional deficiencies, or gastrointestinal conditions may be at an increased risk of developing canker sores regularly.

Symptoms

Most canker sores are formed in the mouth, are round or oval-shaped, have a white or yellowish center, and typically have a red border. Before they appear you may notice a tingling or burning sensation. They can become inflamed and painful when irritated. In severe cases fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes may also be possible signs of a canker sore.

Treatment

Typically, no testing is needed to diagnose canker sores as your dentist or doctor can easily confirm with a quick visual exam. As mentioned above, canker sores typically resolve on their own without treatment. However, please contact your dentist if you notice:

• An unusually large sore
• Extreme pain and sensitivity
• High fever
• A sore that persists longer than three weeks
• Spreading of sores

If your canker sore is larger, persistent, or extremely painful, several treatment options exist. Your dentist may prescribe a medicated mouth rinse to reduce pain and inflammation. If your case is severe and does not respond to other forms of treatment, oral prescription medication can be given to relieve symptoms. Cautery through dental lasers can also help to eliminate any source of pain or discomfort.

Home Remedies

Home treatments are beneficial in speeding up the healing process and alleviating symptoms. Common home treatments for canker sores include:

• Applying milk of magnesia onto the sore
• Avoiding abrasive, acidic, or spicy foods that can cause further irritation
• Rinsing your mouth with salt and warm water
• Topical over-the-counter products such as medicated gels, creams, and liquids that can be applied to the canker sore

Though there is no cure for canker sores and they can be recurring, there are some ways to reduce your risk. We recommend avoiding foods that may irritate your mouth such as citrus fruits, acidic vegetables, and spicy dishes. Brushing your teeth with a soft-bristled brush after meals and maintaining good flossing habits can help to keep your mouth free of foods that may trigger a sore. Lowering your stress levels by learning better stress management skills may also help to reduce your risk.

For more information on canker sores or to schedule an appointment, please contact Viet Ho Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry today.